{
  "cdh_schema_version": "v0.3.0",
  "id": "africa-precipitation-monthly-seasonal",
  "title": "Monthly and Seasonal Precipitation from CHIRPS v3 (Africa)",
  "description": "Total precipitation (PTOT) aggregated from CHIRPS v3.0 and delivered as per-pixel monthly Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs and per-year rolling 3-month (seasonal) sums over Africa, 1981 to present. This is the rainfall backbone of the KE-ENSO Explorer's seasonal/ENSO analysis: the twelve seasonal windows (JFM, FMA, ..., DJF) are the tri-month sums the notebook compares against ENSO phase and against the drought (SPEI), vegetation (NDVI) and flood layers. A derived aggregation product, not a redistribution of the CHIRPS daily archive.\n",
  "deprecated": false,
  "series": {
    "name": "Africa Agriculture Adaptation Atlas",
    "url": "https://adaptationatlas.cgiar.org/"
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "resource_type": "dataset",
  "note": "Source CHIRPS is public domain (\"no restrictions on use\"); these reprocessed COGs are released CC-BY-4.0 with attribution to the Climate Hazards Center, UC Santa Barbara. Seasonal windows are labelled by the calendar year in which the window ends (DJF_2020 = Dec 2019 to Feb 2020). Edge windows that the record cannot cover in full are absent (NDJ and DJF 1981; windows ending after the latest monthly file), so not every season x year combination of the template exists.\n",
  "keywords": [
    "precipitation",
    "rainfall",
    "CHIRPS",
    "PTOT",
    "monthly",
    "seasonal",
    "Africa",
    "ENSO",
    "drought"
  ],
  "contact": [
    {
      "name": "Peter Steward",
      "organization": "Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT",
      "roles": [
        "processor",
        "point-of-contact"
      ],
      "email": "p.steward@cgiar.org"
    },
    {
      "organization": "Climate Hazards Center, UC Santa Barbara",
      "roles": [
        "licensor",
        "producer"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.chc.ucsb.edu/data/chirps"
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "title": "Monthly and seasonal precipitation from CHIRPS v3 (Africa), Africa Agriculture Adaptation Atlas",
    "authors": [
      "Steward, P.",
      "Funk, C.",
      "Peterson, P.",
      "Landsfeld, M."
    ],
    "date": "2026",
    "publisher": "Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT"
  },
  "related_publications": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1038/sdata.2015.66",
      "citation": {
        "title": "The climate hazards infrared precipitation with stations - a new environmental record for monitoring extremes",
        "authors": [
          "Funk, C.",
          "Peterson, P.",
          "Landsfeld, M.",
          "Pedreros, D.",
          "Verdin, J.",
          "Shukla, S.",
          "Husak, G.",
          "Rowland, J.",
          "Harrison, L.",
          "Hoell, A.",
          "Michaelsen, J."
        ],
        "date": "2015",
        "publisher": "Scientific Data",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.66"
      }
    }
  ],
  "funding": [],
  "created": "2026-08-28",
  "updated": "2026-09-14",
  "spatial": {
    "bbox": [
      -20,
      -40,
      55,
      40
    ],
    "geography": [
      "africa"
    ],
    "crs": "EPSG:4326",
    "resolution": [
      {
        "type": "xy",
        "unit": "degree",
        "value": 0.05,
        "label": "0.05 deg (~5.5 km, CHIRPS native)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "temporal": {
    "start_date": "1981-01",
    "end_date": null
  },
  "dimensions": [
    {
      "name": "time",
      "type": "temporal",
      "description": "Month of the monthly totals (YYYY-MM); the {time} token of the monthly asset.",
      "values": [
        "1981-01",
        "1981-02",
        "1981-03",
        "1981-04",
        "1981-05",
        "1981-06",
        "1981-07",
        "1981-08",
        "1981-09",
        "1981-10",
        "1981-11",
        "1981-12",
        "1982-01",
        "1982-02",
        "1982-03",
        "1982-04",
        "1982-05",
        "1982-06",
        "1982-07",
        "1982-08",
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        "1982-10",
        "1982-11",
        "1982-12",
        "1983-01",
        "1983-02",
        "1983-03",
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        "1983-05",
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        "1983-07",
        "1983-08",
        "1983-09",
        "1983-10",
        "1983-11",
        "1983-12",
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        "1984-03",
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        "1984-05",
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        "1984-07",
        "1984-08",
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        "1984-12",
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        "1985-03",
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        "1987-03",
        "1987-04",
        "1987-05",
        "1987-06",
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        "1987-08",
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        "1987-10",
        "1987-11",
        "1987-12",
        "1988-01",
        "1988-02",
        "1988-03",
        "1988-04",
        "1988-05",
        "1988-06",
        "1988-07",
        "1988-08",
        "1988-09",
        "1988-10",
        "1988-11",
        "1988-12",
        "1989-01",
        "1989-02",
        "1989-03",
        "1989-04",
        "1989-05",
        "1989-06",
        "1989-07",
        "1989-08",
        "1989-09",
        "1989-10",
        "1989-11",
        "1989-12",
        "1990-01",
        "1990-02",
        "1990-03",
        "1990-04",
        "1990-05",
        "1990-06",
        "1990-07",
        "1990-08",
        "1990-09",
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        "1991-01",
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        "2013-01",
        "2013-02",
        "2013-03",
        "2013-04",
        "2013-05",
        "2013-06",
        "2013-07",
        "2013-08",
        "2013-09",
        "2013-10",
        "2013-11",
        "2013-12",
        "2014-01",
        "2014-02",
        "2014-03",
        "2014-04",
        "2014-05",
        "2014-06",
        "2014-07",
        "2014-08",
        "2014-09",
        "2014-10",
        "2014-11",
        "2014-12",
        "2015-01",
        "2015-02",
        "2015-03",
        "2015-04",
        "2015-05",
        "2015-06",
        "2015-07",
        "2015-08",
        "2015-09",
        "2015-10",
        "2015-11",
        "2015-12",
        "2016-01",
        "2016-02",
        "2016-03",
        "2016-04",
        "2016-05",
        "2016-06",
        "2016-07",
        "2016-08",
        "2016-09",
        "2016-10",
        "2016-11",
        "2016-12",
        "2017-01",
        "2017-02",
        "2017-03",
        "2017-04",
        "2017-05",
        "2017-06",
        "2017-07",
        "2017-08",
        "2017-09",
        "2017-10",
        "2017-11",
        "2017-12",
        "2018-01",
        "2018-02",
        "2018-03",
        "2018-04",
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        "2018-06",
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        "2018-09",
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        "2018-11",
        "2018-12",
        "2019-01",
        "2019-02",
        "2019-03",
        "2019-04",
        "2019-05",
        "2019-06",
        "2019-07",
        "2019-08",
        "2019-09",
        "2019-10",
        "2019-11",
        "2019-12",
        "2020-01",
        "2020-02",
        "2020-03",
        "2020-04",
        "2020-05",
        "2020-06",
        "2020-07",
        "2020-08",
        "2020-09",
        "2020-10",
        "2020-11",
        "2020-12",
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        "2021-02",
        "2021-03",
        "2021-04",
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        "2021-06",
        "2021-07",
        "2021-08",
        "2021-09",
        "2021-10",
        "2021-11",
        "2021-12",
        "2022-01",
        "2022-02",
        "2022-03",
        "2022-04",
        "2022-05",
        "2022-06",
        "2022-07",
        "2022-08",
        "2022-09",
        "2022-10",
        "2022-11",
        "2022-12",
        "2023-01",
        "2023-02",
        "2023-03",
        "2023-04",
        "2023-05",
        "2023-06",
        "2023-07",
        "2023-08",
        "2023-09",
        "2023-10",
        "2023-11",
        "2023-12",
        "2024-01",
        "2024-02",
        "2024-03",
        "2024-04",
        "2024-05",
        "2024-06",
        "2024-07",
        "2024-08",
        "2024-09",
        "2024-10",
        "2024-11",
        "2024-12",
        "2025-01",
        "2025-02",
        "2025-03",
        "2025-04",
        "2025-05",
        "2025-06",
        "2025-07",
        "2025-08",
        "2025-09",
        "2025-10",
        "2025-11",
        "2025-12",
        "2026-01",
        "2026-02",
        "2026-03",
        "2026-04"
      ],
      "step": "P1M"
    },
    {
      "name": "season",
      "type": "season",
      "description": "Rolling 3-month window named by the initials of its months (JFM = Jan-Mar ... DJF = Dec-Feb). Each value covers three months; NDJ and DJF span the year boundary and are labelled by the year in which they end.\n",
      "values": [
        "JFM",
        "FMA",
        "MAM",
        "AMJ",
        "MJJ",
        "JJA",
        "JAS",
        "ASO",
        "SON",
        "OND",
        "NDJ",
        "DJF"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "year",
      "type": "temporal",
      "description": "Year in which a seasonal window ends; the {year} token of the seasonal asset.",
      "values": [
        "1981",
        "1982",
        "1983",
        "1984",
        "1985",
        "1986",
        "1987",
        "1988",
        "1989",
        "1990",
        "1991",
        "1992",
        "1993",
        "1994",
        "1995",
        "1996",
        "1997",
        "1998",
        "1999",
        "2000",
        "2001",
        "2002",
        "2003",
        "2004",
        "2005",
        "2006",
        "2007",
        "2008",
        "2009",
        "2010",
        "2011",
        "2012",
        "2013",
        "2014",
        "2015",
        "2016",
        "2017",
        "2018",
        "2019",
        "2020",
        "2021",
        "2022",
        "2023",
        "2024",
        "2025",
        "2026"
      ],
      "step": "P1Y"
    }
  ],
  "variables": [
    {
      "name": "PTOT",
      "description": "Total precipitation over the period (calendar month, or 3-month seasonal sum).",
      "data_type": "float32",
      "unit": "mm"
    }
  ],
  "cdh": {
    "domain": [
      "climate"
    ],
    "usage": {
      "intended_uses": [
        "Seasonal and ENSO-phase rainfall analysis and anomaly context in the KE-ENSO Explorer.",
        "Rainfall driver for interpreting the drought (SPEI), vegetation (NDVI) and flood layers."
      ],
      "not_recommended_for": [
        {
          "use": "Daily or sub-monthly rainfall analysis.",
          "reason": "Only monthly totals and 3-month sums are published here.",
          "use_instead": "The CHIRPS v3 daily archive (catalog record chirps-v3-daily)."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "classes": [],
  "commodities": [],
  "processing": [
    {
      "id": "source",
      "description": "CHIRPS v3.0 quasi-global daily/monthly precipitation (station + infrared blend).",
      "derived_from": [
        {
          "url": "https://data.chc.ucsb.edu/products/CHIRPS-3.0/",
          "title": "CHIRPS-3.0 data portal (Climate Hazards Center)"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://github.com/CGIAR-Climate-Data-Hub/cdh-catalog/tree/main/records/chirps-v3-daily",
          "title": "CDH catalog record chirps-v3-daily"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "monthly-cog",
      "description": "Monthly PTOT over the Africa window, written as COGs with internal overviews.",
      "code": {
        "url": "https://github.com/AdaptationAtlas/hazards_prototype",
        "version": "R/observational"
      },
      "derived_from": []
    },
    {
      "id": "seasonal-sum",
      "description": "Per-year tri-month sums over the twelve seasonal windows, written as COGs with overviews.",
      "code": {
        "url": "https://github.com/AdaptationAtlas/hazards_prototype",
        "version": "R/observational/5b_make_obs_seasonal_rasters.R"
      },
      "derived_from": []
    }
  ],
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "monthly",
      "description": "Per-pixel monthly precipitation totals, one COG per month.",
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://digital-atlas.s3.amazonaws.com/domain=climate/type=observational/source=chirps-chirts-era5/region=africa/processing=monthly/",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "s3://digital-atlas/domain=climate/type=observational/source=chirps-chirts-era5/region=africa/processing=monthly/",
          "title": "S3"
        }
      ],
      "href_template": "variable={variable}/{variable}-{time}.tif",
      "media_type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized",
      "file_size": "5 MB"
    },
    {
      "name": "seasonal",
      "description": "Per-year rolling 3-month precipitation sums, one COG per season x year.",
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://digital-atlas.s3.amazonaws.com/domain=climate/type=observational/source=chirps-chirts-era5/region=africa/processing=seasonal/",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "s3://digital-atlas/domain=climate/type=observational/source=chirps-chirts-era5/region=africa/processing=seasonal/",
          "title": "S3"
        }
      ],
      "href_template": "variable={variable}/season={season}/{variable}_{season}_{year}_sum.tif",
      "media_type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized"
    }
  ],
  "additional_assets": [],
  "additional_links": [],
  "$schema": "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/schemas/profiles/cdh.schema.json",
  "extensions": [
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/cdh/schema.json",
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/datacube/schema.json"
  ]
}