{
  "cdh_schema_version": "v0.5.0",
  "extensions": [
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.5.0/extensions/cdh/schema.json",
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.5.0/extensions/agriculture/schema.json"
  ],
  "id": "cropgrids",
  "title": "CROPGRIDS crop and harvested area for 2020",
  "version": "2.0",
  "series": {
    "name": "CROPGRIDS",
    "url": "https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/cropgrids"
  },
  "description": "CROPGRIDS maps physical crop area and harvested area for 173 crops circa 2020 on a global 0.05 degree grid (about 5.6 km at the equator), fusing 27 gridded crop maps, subnational statistics from 52 countries, and FAOSTAT 2020 national totals. This is the FAO release, regenerated with FAO's Python pipeline, holding 171 of the crops as one GeoTIFF per crop and mapset. Crop area counts land once a year; harvested area counts every harvest, so it can exceed crop area under multiple cropping.\n",
  "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
  "resource_type": "dataset",
  "keywords": [
    "CROPGRIDS",
    "crop maps",
    "crop distribution",
    "cropping intensity",
    "gridded agriculture",
    "FAOSTAT",
    {
      "term": "multiple cropping",
      "scheme": "https://agrovoc.fao.org/",
      "uri": "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4986"
    },
    {
      "term": "land use",
      "scheme": "https://agrovoc.fao.org/",
      "uri": "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182"
    }
  ],
  "note": "Values are modelled allocations, not observations. No nodata is set: ocean and cells without the crop hold 0. Totals differ from the figshare v1.08 release (Tang et al. 2024), so do not mix the two; that release's quality and source layers are not published here.\n",
  "contact": [
    {
      "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations",
      "roles": [
        "licensor",
        "producer"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/home/en/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Francesco N. Tubiello",
      "roles": [
        "point-of-contact"
      ],
      "email": "Francesco.Tubiello@fao.org",
      "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
    },
    {
      "name": "Brayden Youngberg",
      "roles": [
        "maintainer"
      ],
      "email": "b.youngberg@cgiar.org",
      "organization": "Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT"
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "title": "CROPGRIDS Global Geo-referenced Dataset of 173 Crops",
    "authors": [
      {
        "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
      }
    ],
    "date": "2025",
    "publisher": "FAO Agro-Informatic Data Catalog",
    "url": "https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/cropgrids"
  },
  "related_publications": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1038/s41597-024-03247-7",
      "citation": {
        "title": "CROPGRIDS: a global geo-referenced dataset of 173 crops",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Tang",
            "given": "F. H. M."
          },
          {
            "family": "Nguyen",
            "given": "T. H."
          },
          {
            "family": "Conchedda",
            "given": "G."
          },
          {
            "family": "Casse",
            "given": "L."
          },
          {
            "family": "Tubiello",
            "given": "F. N."
          },
          {
            "family": "Maggi",
            "given": "F."
          }
        ],
        "date": "2024",
        "publisher": "Scientific Data"
      }
    },
    {
      "doi": "10.4060/cd6325en",
      "citation": {
        "title": "Embedding CROPGRIDS into FAO geodata platforms",
        "authors": [
          {
            "family": "Bottini",
            "given": "G."
          },
          {
            "family": "Tubiello",
            "given": "F. N."
          },
          {
            "family": "Tang",
            "given": "F."
          },
          {
            "family": "Maggi",
            "given": "F."
          },
          {
            "family": "Conchedda",
            "given": "G."
          },
          {
            "family": "Casse",
            "given": "L."
          },
          {
            "family": "Hao",
            "given": "P."
          },
          {
            "family": "Chen",
            "given": "Z."
          }
        ],
        "date": "2025",
        "publisher": "FAO Statistics Working Paper Series No. 25-48, FAO, Rome"
      }
    }
  ],
  "created": "2026-10-12",
  "updated": "2026-10-14",
  "spatial": {
    "bbox": [
      -180,
      -90,
      180,
      90
    ],
    "geography": [
      "world"
    ],
    "crs": "EPSG:4326"
  },
  "temporal": {
    "date": "2020"
  },
  "structures": [
    {
      "name": "crop-area",
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "name": "cell",
          "type": "xy",
          "description": "0.05 degree cells (~5.6 km at the equator).",
          "step": 0.05,
          "unit": "degree"
        },
        {
          "name": "crop",
          "type": "crop",
          "description": "FAO crop code, the {crop} token of the file names, labelled with FAOSTAT item names.",
          "reference_system": "https://data.apps.fao.org/gismgr/api/v2/catalog/workspaces/FAOSTAT/dimensions/CROP",
          "data_type": "string",
          "categories": [
            {
              "value": "ABACA",
              "label": "Abaca"
            },
            {
              "value": "AGAVE",
              "label": "Agave fibres, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "ALFALFA",
              "label": "Alfalfa"
            },
            {
              "value": "ALMOND",
              "label": "Almonds, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "ANISEETC",
              "label": "Anise, badian, fennel, coriander"
            },
            {
              "value": "APPLE",
              "label": "Apples"
            },
            {
              "value": "APRICOT",
              "label": "Apricots"
            },
            {
              "value": "ARECA",
              "label": "Areca nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "ARTICHOKE",
              "label": "Artichokes"
            },
            {
              "value": "ASPARAGUS",
              "label": "Asparagus"
            },
            {
              "value": "AVOCADO",
              "label": "Avocados"
            },
            {
              "value": "BAMBARA",
              "label": "Bambara beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "BANANA",
              "label": "Bananas"
            },
            {
              "value": "BARLEY",
              "label": "Barley"
            },
            {
              "value": "BEAN",
              "label": "Beans, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "BEETFOR",
              "label": "Beets for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "BERRYNES",
              "label": "Berries, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "BLUEBERRY",
              "label": "Blueberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "BRAZIL",
              "label": "Brazil nuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "BROADBEAN",
              "label": "Broad beans, horse beans, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "BUCKWHEAT",
              "label": "Buckwheat"
            },
            {
              "value": "CABBAGE",
              "label": "Cabbages and other brassicas"
            },
            {
              "value": "CABBAGEFOR",
              "label": "Cabbages for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "CANARYSEED",
              "label": "Canary seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "CAROB",
              "label": "Carobs"
            },
            {
              "value": "CARROT",
              "label": "Carrots and turnips"
            },
            {
              "value": "CARROTFOR",
              "label": "Carrots for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASHEWAPPLE",
              "label": "Cashewapple"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASSAVA",
              "label": "Cassava"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASTOR",
              "label": "Castor oil seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "CAULIFLOWER",
              "label": "Cauliflowers and broccoli"
            },
            {
              "value": "CEREALNES",
              "label": "Cereals, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHERRY",
              "label": "Cherries"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHESTNUT",
              "label": "Chest nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHICKPEA",
              "label": "Chick peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHICORY",
              "label": "Chicory roots"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHILLEETC",
              "label": "Chillies and peppers, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "CINNAMON",
              "label": "Cinnamon (cannella)"
            },
            {
              "value": "CITRUSNES",
              "label": "Citrus fruit, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "CLOVE",
              "label": "Cloves"
            },
            {
              "value": "CLOVER",
              "label": "Clover"
            },
            {
              "value": "COCOA",
              "label": "Cocoa, beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "COCONUT",
              "label": "Coconuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "COFFEE",
              "label": "Coffee, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "COTTON",
              "label": "Cotton seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "COWPEA",
              "label": "Cow peas, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "CRANBERRY",
              "label": "Cranberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "CUCUMBERETC",
              "label": "Cucumbers and gherkins"
            },
            {
              "value": "CURRANT",
              "label": "Currants"
            },
            {
              "value": "DATE",
              "label": "Dates"
            },
            {
              "value": "EGGPLANT",
              "label": "Eggplants (aubergines)"
            },
            {
              "value": "FIG",
              "label": "Figs"
            },
            {
              "value": "FLAX",
              "label": "Flax fibre and tow"
            },
            {
              "value": "FONIO",
              "label": "Fonio"
            },
            {
              "value": "FORNES",
              "label": "Fornes"
            },
            {
              "value": "FRUITNES",
              "label": "Fruit fresh, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "GARLIC",
              "label": "Garlic"
            },
            {
              "value": "GINGER",
              "label": "Ginger"
            },
            {
              "value": "GOOSEBERRY",
              "label": "Gooseberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRAPE",
              "label": "Grapes"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRAPEFRUIT",
              "label": "Grapefruit (inc. pomelos)"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRASSNES",
              "label": "Grasses, others"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENBEAN",
              "label": "Green beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENBROAD",
              "label": "Green broad beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENCORN",
              "label": "Green corn (maize, green)"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENONION",
              "label": "Green onion, shallots"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENPEA",
              "label": "Green peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "GROUNDNUT",
              "label": "Groundnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "HAZELNUT",
              "label": "Hazelnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "HEMP",
              "label": "Hemp tow waste"
            },
            {
              "value": "HEMPSEED",
              "label": "Hempseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "HOP",
              "label": "Hops"
            },
            {
              "value": "JUTE",
              "label": "Jute"
            },
            {
              "value": "JUTELIKEFIBER",
              "label": "Jute-like fibers"
            },
            {
              "value": "KAPOKFIBER",
              "label": "Kapok"
            },
            {
              "value": "KAPOKSEED",
              "label": "Kapok fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "KARITE",
              "label": "Karite nuts (sheanuts)"
            },
            {
              "value": "KIWI",
              "label": "Kiwi fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "KOLANUT",
              "label": "Kola nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "LEGUMENES",
              "label": "Legumes, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "LEMONLIME",
              "label": "Lemons and limes"
            },
            {
              "value": "LENTIL",
              "label": "Lentils"
            },
            {
              "value": "LETTUCE",
              "label": "Lettuce and chicory"
            },
            {
              "value": "LINSEED",
              "label": "Linseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "LUPIN",
              "label": "Lupins"
            },
            {
              "value": "MAIZE",
              "label": "Maize"
            },
            {
              "value": "MAIZEFOR",
              "label": "Maize for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "MANGO",
              "label": "Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas"
            },
            {
              "value": "MATE",
              "label": "Mate"
            },
            {
              "value": "MELONETC",
              "label": "Melons, other (inc. cantaloupes)"
            },
            {
              "value": "MELONSEED",
              "label": "Melonseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "MILLET",
              "label": "Millet"
            },
            {
              "value": "MIXEDGRAIN",
              "label": "Mixed grain"
            },
            {
              "value": "MIXEDGRASS",
              "label": "Mixed grasses and legumes"
            },
            {
              "value": "MUSHROOM",
              "label": "Mushrooms and truffles"
            },
            {
              "value": "MUSTARD",
              "label": "Mustard seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "NUTMEG",
              "label": "Nutmeg, mace and cardamoms"
            },
            {
              "value": "NUTNES",
              "label": "Nuts, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "OATS",
              "label": "Oats"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILPALM",
              "label": "Oil palm fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILSEEDFOR",
              "label": "Oilseed for fodder, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILSEEDNES",
              "label": "Oilseed, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "OKRA",
              "label": "Okra"
            },
            {
              "value": "OLIVE",
              "label": "Olives"
            },
            {
              "value": "ONION",
              "label": "Onions, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "ORANGE",
              "label": "Oranges"
            },
            {
              "value": "PAPAYA",
              "label": "Papayas"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEA",
              "label": "Peas, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEACHETC",
              "label": "Peaches and nectarines"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEAR",
              "label": "Pears"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEPPER",
              "label": "Pepper (piper spp.)"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEPPERMINT",
              "label": "Peppermint"
            },
            {
              "value": "PERSIMMON",
              "label": "Persimmons"
            },
            {
              "value": "PIGEONPEA",
              "label": "Pigeon peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "PIMENTO",
              "label": "Pimento"
            },
            {
              "value": "PINEAPPLE",
              "label": "Pineapples"
            },
            {
              "value": "PISTACHIO",
              "label": "Pistachios"
            },
            {
              "value": "PLANTAIN",
              "label": "Plantains and others"
            },
            {
              "value": "PLUM",
              "label": "Plums and sloes"
            },
            {
              "value": "POPCORN",
              "label": "Popcorn"
            },
            {
              "value": "POPPY",
              "label": "Poppy seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "POTATO",
              "label": "Potatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "PULSENES",
              "label": "Pulses, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "PUMPKINETC",
              "label": "Pumpkins, squash and gourds"
            },
            {
              "value": "PYRETHRUM",
              "label": "Pyrethrum, dried flowers"
            },
            {
              "value": "QUINCE",
              "label": "Quinces"
            },
            {
              "value": "QUINOA",
              "label": "Quinoa"
            },
            {
              "value": "RAMIE",
              "label": "Ramie"
            },
            {
              "value": "RAPESEED",
              "label": "Rapeseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "RASBERRY",
              "label": "Rasberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "RICE",
              "label": "Rice, paddy"
            },
            {
              "value": "ROOTNES",
              "label": "Roots and tubers, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "RUBBER",
              "label": "Rubber, natural"
            },
            {
              "value": "RYE",
              "label": "Rye"
            },
            {
              "value": "RYEFOR",
              "label": "Rye grass for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "SAFFLOWER",
              "label": "Safflower seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SESAME",
              "label": "Sesame seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SISAL",
              "label": "Sisal"
            },
            {
              "value": "SORGHUM",
              "label": "Sorghum"
            },
            {
              "value": "SORGHUMFOR",
              "label": "Sorghum for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "SOURCHERRY",
              "label": "Sour cherries"
            },
            {
              "value": "SOYBEAN",
              "label": "Soybeans"
            },
            {
              "value": "SPICENES",
              "label": "Spices, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "SPINACH",
              "label": "Spinach"
            },
            {
              "value": "STONEFRUIT",
              "label": "Stone fruit, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "STRAWBERRY",
              "label": "Strawberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "STRINGBEAN",
              "label": "String beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARBEET",
              "label": "Sugar beet"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARCANE",
              "label": "Sugar cane"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARNES",
              "label": "Sugar crops, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUNFLOWER",
              "label": "Sunflower seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SWEDEFOR",
              "label": "Swedes for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "SWEETPOTATO",
              "label": "Sweet potatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "TANGETC",
              "label": "Tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas"
            },
            {
              "value": "TARO",
              "label": "Taro (cocoyam)"
            },
            {
              "value": "TEA",
              "label": "Tea"
            },
            {
              "value": "TOBACCO",
              "label": "Tobacco leaves"
            },
            {
              "value": "TOMATO",
              "label": "Tomatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "TRITICALE",
              "label": "Triticale"
            },
            {
              "value": "TROPICALNES",
              "label": "Fruit tropical fresh, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "TUNG",
              "label": "Tung nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "TURNIPFOR",
              "label": "Turnips for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "VANILLA",
              "label": "Vanilla"
            },
            {
              "value": "VEGETABLENES",
              "label": "Vegetablenes"
            },
            {
              "value": "VEGFOR",
              "label": "Vegetables and roots for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "VETCH",
              "label": "Vetches"
            },
            {
              "value": "WALNUT",
              "label": "Walnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "WATERMELON",
              "label": "Watermelons"
            },
            {
              "value": "WHEAT",
              "label": "Wheat"
            },
            {
              "value": "YAM",
              "label": "Yams"
            },
            {
              "value": "YAUTIA",
              "label": "Yautia (cocoyam)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "variables": [
        {
          "name": "crop_area",
          "description": "Physical area of the crop in the cell, counted once per year regardless of harvests.",
          "data_type": "float32",
          "unit": "km2",
          "note": "Absolute quantity; sum across cells for regional totals."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "harvested-area",
      "dimensions": [
        {
          "name": "cell",
          "type": "xy",
          "description": "0.05 degree cells (~5.6 km at the equator).",
          "step": 0.05,
          "unit": "degree"
        },
        {
          "name": "crop",
          "type": "crop",
          "description": "FAO crop code, the {crop} token of the file names, labelled with FAOSTAT item names.",
          "reference_system": "https://data.apps.fao.org/gismgr/api/v2/catalog/workspaces/FAOSTAT/dimensions/CROP",
          "data_type": "string",
          "categories": [
            {
              "value": "ABACA",
              "label": "Abaca"
            },
            {
              "value": "AGAVE",
              "label": "Agave fibres, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "ALFALFA",
              "label": "Alfalfa"
            },
            {
              "value": "ALMOND",
              "label": "Almonds, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "ANISEETC",
              "label": "Anise, badian, fennel, coriander"
            },
            {
              "value": "APPLE",
              "label": "Apples"
            },
            {
              "value": "APRICOT",
              "label": "Apricots"
            },
            {
              "value": "ARECA",
              "label": "Areca nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "ARTICHOKE",
              "label": "Artichokes"
            },
            {
              "value": "ASPARAGUS",
              "label": "Asparagus"
            },
            {
              "value": "AVOCADO",
              "label": "Avocados"
            },
            {
              "value": "BAMBARA",
              "label": "Bambara beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "BANANA",
              "label": "Bananas"
            },
            {
              "value": "BARLEY",
              "label": "Barley"
            },
            {
              "value": "BEAN",
              "label": "Beans, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "BEETFOR",
              "label": "Beets for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "BERRYNES",
              "label": "Berries, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "BLUEBERRY",
              "label": "Blueberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "BRAZIL",
              "label": "Brazil nuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "BROADBEAN",
              "label": "Broad beans, horse beans, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "BUCKWHEAT",
              "label": "Buckwheat"
            },
            {
              "value": "CABBAGE",
              "label": "Cabbages and other brassicas"
            },
            {
              "value": "CABBAGEFOR",
              "label": "Cabbages for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "CANARYSEED",
              "label": "Canary seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "CAROB",
              "label": "Carobs"
            },
            {
              "value": "CARROT",
              "label": "Carrots and turnips"
            },
            {
              "value": "CARROTFOR",
              "label": "Carrots for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASHEWAPPLE",
              "label": "Cashewapple"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASSAVA",
              "label": "Cassava"
            },
            {
              "value": "CASTOR",
              "label": "Castor oil seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "CAULIFLOWER",
              "label": "Cauliflowers and broccoli"
            },
            {
              "value": "CEREALNES",
              "label": "Cereals, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHERRY",
              "label": "Cherries"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHESTNUT",
              "label": "Chest nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHICKPEA",
              "label": "Chick peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHICORY",
              "label": "Chicory roots"
            },
            {
              "value": "CHILLEETC",
              "label": "Chillies and peppers, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "CINNAMON",
              "label": "Cinnamon (cannella)"
            },
            {
              "value": "CITRUSNES",
              "label": "Citrus fruit, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "CLOVE",
              "label": "Cloves"
            },
            {
              "value": "CLOVER",
              "label": "Clover"
            },
            {
              "value": "COCOA",
              "label": "Cocoa, beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "COCONUT",
              "label": "Coconuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "COFFEE",
              "label": "Coffee, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "COTTON",
              "label": "Cotton seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "COWPEA",
              "label": "Cow peas, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "CRANBERRY",
              "label": "Cranberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "CUCUMBERETC",
              "label": "Cucumbers and gherkins"
            },
            {
              "value": "CURRANT",
              "label": "Currants"
            },
            {
              "value": "DATE",
              "label": "Dates"
            },
            {
              "value": "EGGPLANT",
              "label": "Eggplants (aubergines)"
            },
            {
              "value": "FIG",
              "label": "Figs"
            },
            {
              "value": "FLAX",
              "label": "Flax fibre and tow"
            },
            {
              "value": "FONIO",
              "label": "Fonio"
            },
            {
              "value": "FORNES",
              "label": "Fornes"
            },
            {
              "value": "FRUITNES",
              "label": "Fruit fresh, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "GARLIC",
              "label": "Garlic"
            },
            {
              "value": "GINGER",
              "label": "Ginger"
            },
            {
              "value": "GOOSEBERRY",
              "label": "Gooseberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRAPE",
              "label": "Grapes"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRAPEFRUIT",
              "label": "Grapefruit (inc. pomelos)"
            },
            {
              "value": "GRASSNES",
              "label": "Grasses, others"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENBEAN",
              "label": "Green beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENBROAD",
              "label": "Green broad beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENCORN",
              "label": "Green corn (maize, green)"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENONION",
              "label": "Green onion, shallots"
            },
            {
              "value": "GREENPEA",
              "label": "Green peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "GROUNDNUT",
              "label": "Groundnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "HAZELNUT",
              "label": "Hazelnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "HEMP",
              "label": "Hemp tow waste"
            },
            {
              "value": "HEMPSEED",
              "label": "Hempseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "HOP",
              "label": "Hops"
            },
            {
              "value": "JUTE",
              "label": "Jute"
            },
            {
              "value": "JUTELIKEFIBER",
              "label": "Jute-like fibers"
            },
            {
              "value": "KAPOKFIBER",
              "label": "Kapok"
            },
            {
              "value": "KAPOKSEED",
              "label": "Kapok fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "KARITE",
              "label": "Karite nuts (sheanuts)"
            },
            {
              "value": "KIWI",
              "label": "Kiwi fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "KOLANUT",
              "label": "Kola nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "LEGUMENES",
              "label": "Legumes, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "LEMONLIME",
              "label": "Lemons and limes"
            },
            {
              "value": "LENTIL",
              "label": "Lentils"
            },
            {
              "value": "LETTUCE",
              "label": "Lettuce and chicory"
            },
            {
              "value": "LINSEED",
              "label": "Linseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "LUPIN",
              "label": "Lupins"
            },
            {
              "value": "MAIZE",
              "label": "Maize"
            },
            {
              "value": "MAIZEFOR",
              "label": "Maize for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "MANGO",
              "label": "Mangoes, mangosteens, guavas"
            },
            {
              "value": "MATE",
              "label": "Mate"
            },
            {
              "value": "MELONETC",
              "label": "Melons, other (inc. cantaloupes)"
            },
            {
              "value": "MELONSEED",
              "label": "Melonseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "MILLET",
              "label": "Millet"
            },
            {
              "value": "MIXEDGRAIN",
              "label": "Mixed grain"
            },
            {
              "value": "MIXEDGRASS",
              "label": "Mixed grasses and legumes"
            },
            {
              "value": "MUSHROOM",
              "label": "Mushrooms and truffles"
            },
            {
              "value": "MUSTARD",
              "label": "Mustard seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "NUTMEG",
              "label": "Nutmeg, mace and cardamoms"
            },
            {
              "value": "NUTNES",
              "label": "Nuts, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "OATS",
              "label": "Oats"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILPALM",
              "label": "Oil palm fruit"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILSEEDFOR",
              "label": "Oilseed for fodder, green"
            },
            {
              "value": "OILSEEDNES",
              "label": "Oilseed, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "OKRA",
              "label": "Okra"
            },
            {
              "value": "OLIVE",
              "label": "Olives"
            },
            {
              "value": "ONION",
              "label": "Onions, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "ORANGE",
              "label": "Oranges"
            },
            {
              "value": "PAPAYA",
              "label": "Papayas"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEA",
              "label": "Peas, dry"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEACHETC",
              "label": "Peaches and nectarines"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEAR",
              "label": "Pears"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEPPER",
              "label": "Pepper (piper spp.)"
            },
            {
              "value": "PEPPERMINT",
              "label": "Peppermint"
            },
            {
              "value": "PERSIMMON",
              "label": "Persimmons"
            },
            {
              "value": "PIGEONPEA",
              "label": "Pigeon peas"
            },
            {
              "value": "PIMENTO",
              "label": "Pimento"
            },
            {
              "value": "PINEAPPLE",
              "label": "Pineapples"
            },
            {
              "value": "PISTACHIO",
              "label": "Pistachios"
            },
            {
              "value": "PLANTAIN",
              "label": "Plantains and others"
            },
            {
              "value": "PLUM",
              "label": "Plums and sloes"
            },
            {
              "value": "POPCORN",
              "label": "Popcorn"
            },
            {
              "value": "POPPY",
              "label": "Poppy seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "POTATO",
              "label": "Potatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "PULSENES",
              "label": "Pulses, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "PUMPKINETC",
              "label": "Pumpkins, squash and gourds"
            },
            {
              "value": "PYRETHRUM",
              "label": "Pyrethrum, dried flowers"
            },
            {
              "value": "QUINCE",
              "label": "Quinces"
            },
            {
              "value": "QUINOA",
              "label": "Quinoa"
            },
            {
              "value": "RAMIE",
              "label": "Ramie"
            },
            {
              "value": "RAPESEED",
              "label": "Rapeseed"
            },
            {
              "value": "RASBERRY",
              "label": "Rasberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "RICE",
              "label": "Rice, paddy"
            },
            {
              "value": "ROOTNES",
              "label": "Roots and tubers, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "RUBBER",
              "label": "Rubber, natural"
            },
            {
              "value": "RYE",
              "label": "Rye"
            },
            {
              "value": "RYEFOR",
              "label": "Rye grass for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "SAFFLOWER",
              "label": "Safflower seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SESAME",
              "label": "Sesame seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SISAL",
              "label": "Sisal"
            },
            {
              "value": "SORGHUM",
              "label": "Sorghum"
            },
            {
              "value": "SORGHUMFOR",
              "label": "Sorghum for forage and silage"
            },
            {
              "value": "SOURCHERRY",
              "label": "Sour cherries"
            },
            {
              "value": "SOYBEAN",
              "label": "Soybeans"
            },
            {
              "value": "SPICENES",
              "label": "Spices, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "SPINACH",
              "label": "Spinach"
            },
            {
              "value": "STONEFRUIT",
              "label": "Stone fruit, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "STRAWBERRY",
              "label": "Strawberries"
            },
            {
              "value": "STRINGBEAN",
              "label": "String beans"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARBEET",
              "label": "Sugar beet"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARCANE",
              "label": "Sugar cane"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUGARNES",
              "label": "Sugar crops, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "SUNFLOWER",
              "label": "Sunflower seed"
            },
            {
              "value": "SWEDEFOR",
              "label": "Swedes for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "SWEETPOTATO",
              "label": "Sweet potatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "TANGETC",
              "label": "Tangerines, mandarins, clementines, satsumas"
            },
            {
              "value": "TARO",
              "label": "Taro (cocoyam)"
            },
            {
              "value": "TEA",
              "label": "Tea"
            },
            {
              "value": "TOBACCO",
              "label": "Tobacco leaves"
            },
            {
              "value": "TOMATO",
              "label": "Tomatoes"
            },
            {
              "value": "TRITICALE",
              "label": "Triticale"
            },
            {
              "value": "TROPICALNES",
              "label": "Fruit tropical fresh, other"
            },
            {
              "value": "TUNG",
              "label": "Tung nuts"
            },
            {
              "value": "TURNIPFOR",
              "label": "Turnips for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "VANILLA",
              "label": "Vanilla"
            },
            {
              "value": "VEGETABLENES",
              "label": "Vegetablenes"
            },
            {
              "value": "VEGFOR",
              "label": "Vegetables and roots for fodder"
            },
            {
              "value": "VETCH",
              "label": "Vetches"
            },
            {
              "value": "WALNUT",
              "label": "Walnuts, with shell"
            },
            {
              "value": "WATERMELON",
              "label": "Watermelons"
            },
            {
              "value": "WHEAT",
              "label": "Wheat"
            },
            {
              "value": "YAM",
              "label": "Yams"
            },
            {
              "value": "YAUTIA",
              "label": "Yautia (cocoyam)"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "variables": [
        {
          "name": "harvested_area",
          "description": "Harvested area of the crop in the cell, counting each harvest in the year.",
          "data_type": "float32",
          "unit": "km2",
          "note": "Absolute quantity; sum across cells for regional totals."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "cdh": {
    "domain": [
      "agricultural-production"
    ],
    "usage": {
      "intended_uses": [
        "global and regional mapping of crop distribution and cropping intensity",
        "crop-specific exposure layers for hazard, land-use, and sustainability assessment",
        "spatial targeting at national and sub-national scale"
      ],
      "not_recommended_for": [
        {
          "use": "field-scale farm management",
          "reason": "the grid is too coarse for field-scale operational decisions.",
          "use_instead": "local survey or administrative crop area data."
        },
        {
          "use": "crop production or yield estimates",
          "reason": "the dataset holds area only.",
          "use_instead": "MapSPAM 2020 for gridded production and yield."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "commodities": [
    "crops"
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "id": "source",
      "description": "FAO Python re-implementation of the CROPGRIDS pipeline (Bottini et al. 2025): inputs harmonized to the grid, ranked by quality, mosaicked, gap-filled with the FAO cropland agreement map, and scaled to FAOSTAT 2020 national totals. Code not public as of this record.\n",
      "date": "2025-04-14",
      "derived_from": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL",
          "title": "FAOSTAT Crops and livestock products (QCL), 2020 national totals"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4997-2023",
          "title": "Cropland area database by country circa 2020 (cropland agreement map)"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "crop-area",
      "structures": [
        "crop-area"
      ],
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-gismgr-faostat-data/DATA/FAOSTAT/MAPSET/CG-CA/",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "gs://fao-gismgr-faostat-data/DATA/FAOSTAT/MAPSET/CG-CA/",
          "title": "GCS"
        }
      ],
      "href_template": "FAOSTAT.CG-CA.2020.{crop}.tif",
      "processing_steps": [
        "source"
      ],
      "description": "One COG per crop, about 540 MB in total. The folder also holds four byte-identical duplicates with truncated names (CASHEWAPPL, CAULIFLOWE, CUCUMBERET, SWEETPOTAT); ignore them.\n",
      "media_type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized"
    },
    {
      "name": "harvested-area",
      "structures": [
        "harvested-area"
      ],
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-gismgr-faostat-data/DATA/FAOSTAT/MAPSET/CG-HA/",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "gs://fao-gismgr-faostat-data/DATA/FAOSTAT/MAPSET/CG-HA/",
          "title": "GCS"
        }
      ],
      "href_template": "FAOSTAT.CG-HA.2020.{crop}.tif",
      "processing_steps": [
        "source"
      ],
      "description": "One COG per crop, about 530 MB in total.",
      "media_type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized"
    }
  ],
  "additional_links": [
    {
      "title": "MapSPAM 2020 crop production",
      "rel": "related",
      "id": "spam2020",
      "description": "Gridded production and yield by crop, for what CROPGRIDS does not hold."
    },
    {
      "title": "Crop Area (Global - 2020 - ~5.6 km) - CROPGRIDS",
      "rel": "describedby",
      "url": "https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/de37968a-aa0a-4686-aa59-741b0291a741"
    },
    {
      "title": "Harvested Area (Global - 2020 - ~5.6 km) - CROPGRIDS",
      "rel": "describedby",
      "url": "https://data.apps.fao.org/catalog/dataset/4be618e9-d8b4-46f7-8460-76bbe62e5f5e"
    },
    {
      "title": "FAO gismgr mapset metadata",
      "rel": "describedby",
      "url": "https://data.apps.fao.org/gismgr/api/v2/catalog/workspaces/FAOSTAT/mapsets/CG-CA",
      "description": "Units and crop dimension from the FAO geodata API."
    },
    {
      "title": "CROPGRIDS on the FAO Agro-informatics platform",
      "rel": "about",
      "url": "https://www.fao.org/agroinformatics/training-and-resources/data-sets/data-set-detail/cropgrids-data-on-harvested-and-crop-areas/en"
    },
    {
      "title": "Original CROPGRIDS v1.08 release on figshare",
      "rel": "related",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22491997",
      "description": "Research release of Tang et al. (2024); values differ from this FAO release."
    }
  ]
}