{
  "cdh_schema_version": "v0.3.0",
  "id": "spam2020",
  "title": "MAPSPAM 2020",
  "description": "Global Spatially-Disaggregated Crop Production Statistics Data for 2020 Version 2.0 Release 2, represented as a gridded crop production data cube. The record describes crop area, harvested area, production, and yield by crop and production technology at 5 arc-minute resolution.\n",
  "version": "v2r2",
  "deprecated": false,
  "series": {
    "name": "MapSPAM",
    "url": "https://mapspam.info"
  },
  "license": "CC-BY-SA-4.0",
  "resource_type": "dataset",
  "doi": "10.7910/DVN/SWPENT",
  "note": "Derived from available subnational statistics; local national or subnational data providers may hold more precise source statistics for some locations.\n",
  "keywords": [
    "food security",
    "crop production",
    "spatial distribution",
    "gridded agriculture"
  ],
  "contact": [
    {
      "name": "Zhe Guo",
      "organization": "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)",
      "roles": [
        "producer"
      ],
      "email": "z.guo@cgiar.org",
      "url": "https://www.ifpri.org/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Shuang Zhou",
      "organization": "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)",
      "roles": [
        "producer"
      ],
      "email": "s.zhou@cgiar.org",
      "url": "https://www.ifpri.org/"
    },
    {
      "name": "Liangzhi You",
      "organization": "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)",
      "roles": [
        "producer"
      ]
    },
    {
      "organization": "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)",
      "roles": [
        "licensor"
      ],
      "url": "https://www.ifpri.org/"
    }
  ],
  "citation": {
    "title": "Global Spatially-Disaggregated Crop Production Statistics Data for 2020 Version 2.0 Release 2",
    "authors": [
      "International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)"
    ],
    "date": "2026",
    "publisher": "Harvard Dataverse"
  },
  "related_publications": [
    {
      "doi": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.01.002",
      "citation": {
        "title": "Generating global crop distribution maps: From census to grid",
        "authors": [
          "You, L.",
          "Wood, S.",
          "Wood-Sichra, U.",
          "Wu, W."
        ],
        "date": "2014",
        "publisher": "Agricultural Systems"
      }
    }
  ],
  "funding": [],
  "created": "2026-07-06",
  "updated": "2026-07-06",
  "spatial": {
    "bbox": [
      -180,
      -90,
      180,
      90
    ],
    "geography": [
      "world"
    ],
    "crs": "EPSG:4326",
    "resolution": [
      {
        "type": "xy",
        "unit": "degree",
        "value": 0.08333333,
        "label": "5 arc-minutes (~10km at equator)"
      }
    ]
  },
  "temporal": {
    "date": "2020"
  },
  "dimensions": [
    {
      "name": "crop",
      "type": "crop",
      "description": "MAPSPAM crop code. Full labels are provided in the dimension codes asset.",
      "values": [
        "whea",
        "rice",
        "maiz",
        "barl",
        "mill",
        "pmil",
        "sorg",
        "ocer",
        "pota",
        "swpo",
        "yams",
        "cass",
        "orts",
        "bean",
        "chic",
        "cowp",
        "pige",
        "lent",
        "opul",
        "soyb",
        "grou",
        "cnut",
        "oilp",
        "sunf",
        "rape",
        "sesa",
        "ooil",
        "sugc",
        "sugb",
        "cott",
        "ofib",
        "coff",
        "rcof",
        "coco",
        "teas",
        "toba",
        "bana",
        "plnt",
        "citr",
        "trof",
        "temf",
        "toma",
        "onio",
        "vege",
        "rubb",
        "rest"
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "technology",
      "type": "technology",
      "description": "MAPSPAM production system code. Full labels are provided in the dimension codes asset.",
      "values": [
        "all",
        "irrigated",
        "rainfed"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "variables": [
    {
      "name": "physical_area",
      "description": "Physical crop area allocated to each grid cell.",
      "data_type": "float32",
      "unit": "ha"
    },
    {
      "name": "harvested_area",
      "description": "Harvested crop area allocated to each grid cell.",
      "data_type": "float32",
      "unit": "ha"
    },
    {
      "name": "production",
      "description": "Crop production allocated to each grid cell.",
      "data_type": "float32",
      "unit": "t",
      "note": "Absolute quantity; regional summaries should sum values across cells."
    },
    {
      "name": "yield",
      "description": "Crop yield for each grid cell.",
      "data_type": "float32",
      "unit": "t ha-1",
      "note": "Relative quantity; do not sum yield values across grid cells. Regional summaries should use a weighted mean with harvested_area as the weight.\n"
    }
  ],
  "cdh": {
    "domain": [
      "agricultural-production"
    ],
    "usage": {
      "intended_uses": [
        "global and regional analysis of crop area, production, and yield patterns",
        "food security and agricultural systems assessment",
        "spatial targeting at national and sub-national scale"
      ],
      "not_recommended_for": [
        {
          "use": "field-scale farm management",
          "reason": "the grid is too coarse for field-scale operational decisions.",
          "use_instead": "local survey or administrative production data."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "classes": [],
  "commodities": [
    "wheat",
    "rice",
    "maize",
    "barley",
    "millets",
    "pearl-millet",
    "sorghum",
    "cereals",
    "potato",
    "sweet-potatoes",
    "yams",
    "cassava",
    "root-vegetables",
    "common-bean",
    "chickpeas",
    "cowpeas",
    "pigeon-pea",
    "lentils",
    "pulses",
    "soybeans",
    "groundnuts",
    "coconuts",
    "oil-palms",
    "sunflower",
    "rapeseed",
    "sesame",
    "oil-crops",
    "sugarcane",
    "sugarbeet",
    "cotton",
    "fibre-crops",
    "coffee",
    "robusta-coffee",
    "cocoa",
    "tea",
    "tobacco",
    "banana",
    "plantains",
    "citrus",
    "tropical-fruits",
    "temperate-fruit",
    "tomatoes",
    "onions",
    "vegetables",
    "rubber",
    "crops"
  ],
  "processing": [
    {
      "id": "source",
      "description": "Original MAPSPAM 2020 v2 release.",
      "date": "2026-04-22T00:00:00Z",
      "code": {
        "url": "https://github.com/michielvandijk/mapspamc",
        "version": "v0.0.2"
      },
      "derived_from": [
        {
          "url": "https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/SWPENT",
          "title": "Source MAPSPAM dataset"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cloud-optimize",
      "description": "Conversion of source MAPSPAM files to a consolidated Zarr data cube.",
      "date": "2026-07-07",
      "code": {
        "url": "https://github.com/CGIAR-Climate-Data-Hub/cdh-data-pipeline/blob/main/recipes/mapspam2020.py",
        "version": "47f9830"
      },
      "derived_from": []
    }
  ],
  "data": [
    {
      "name": "zarr",
      "description": "Zarr representation of the source MAPSPAM files.",
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://digital-atlas.s3.amazonaws.com/cdh/data/mapspam2020-v2r2/spam2020-v2r2.zarr",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "s3://digital-atlas/cdh/data/mapspam-2020-v2r2/spam2020-v2r2.zarr",
          "title": "S3"
        }
      ],
      "media_type": "application/vnd.zarr; version=3",
      "file_size": "500 MB",
      "nodata": -9999
    },
    {
      "name": "cogs",
      "description": "Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs of the MAPSPAM files.",
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://digital-atlas.s3.amazonaws.com/cdh/data/mapspam2020-v2r2/cog/",
          "title": "HTTPS"
        },
        {
          "url": "s3://digital-atlas/cdh/data/mapspam-2020-v2r2/cog/",
          "title": "S3"
        }
      ],
      "href_template": "spam2020-{technology}-{variable}.tif",
      "media_type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized",
      "nodata": -9999
    }
  ],
  "additional_assets": [
    {
      "name": "crop codes",
      "description": "Dimension code list for crop values.",
      "locations": [
        {
          "url": "https://digital-atlas.s3.amazonaws.com/cdh/data/mapspam-2020-v2r2/crop-codes.json"
        }
      ],
      "media_type": "application/json",
      "file_size": "5 KB"
    }
  ],
  "additional_links": [
    {
      "name": "MAPSPAM project website",
      "rel": "about",
      "url": "https://www.mapspam.info/about/",
      "description": "Project page describing MAPSPAM methods and releases."
    }
  ],
  "$schema": "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/schemas/profiles/cdh.schema.json",
  "extensions": [
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/cdh/schema.json",
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/climate/schema.json",
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/datacube/schema.json",
    "https://cgiar-climate-data-hub.github.io/cdh-metadata-standard/v0.3.0/extensions/agriculture/schema.json"
  ]
}